Introduction The Venetian industrial district of Porto Marghera as a place in the availability of the society, is an open question from its genesis (1917). That means there is no sail past St Marks but is better for the environment. Marghera Levante Power Plant Refurbishment, Venice, Italy Marghera is a railroad junction. A major backer of the scheme was Count Giuseppe Volpi. The commercial port is already located here, on the edge of the industrial center of Marghera. The industrial park of Porto Marghera is located 5 km NW of the historical center of Venice, between the urban areas of Marghera and Mestre on the mainland and the coastal lagoon. The complex in question is placed in the transition zone between the residential area of Marghera and the industrial/port area of Porto Marghera.Via Fratelli Bandiera constitutes the main road axis of Marghera and on it rests the whole viability of the residential and the port and industrial district. If they take you to the cruise port leave your luggage at any ships terminal the main one is 103 and they will deliver your . PDF Rehabilitation Strategies for The Enhance of A Dismissed ... Mode details. When the cruise industry returns to service, large ships will divert to a nearby industrial port. With cruise ships will no longer able to dock in the city-center port, they'll be rerouted to the mainland and to the industrial port of Marghera. Port of Marghera, Italy, photos by John Davies. That port, however, does not have adequate berths to handle cruise ships. "Marghera is a municipalità (borough) of the comune of Venice, Italy. With cruise ships will no longer able to dock in the city-center port, they'll be rerouted to the mainland and to the industrial port of Marghera. The government has committed to the construction of five berths at Marghera to accommodate cruise liners by 2022, a project that would cost 157 million euros (US$185 million). Venice, a deluge of funding for the port - Adriaports Venice bans cruise ships from the city center - again - KYMA Italy Bans Large Cruise Ships In Venice Starting In August Recently I looked on the CruiseMapper website and it showed Azamara in Marghera the industrial port of Venice. Subscribe. The lot faces south on Via dell'Elettronica, to the . Marghera - Wikipedia However, the ships will remain in the lagoon for the medium term, until a permanent solution . All larger cruise ships will have to relocate to other ports in the Adriatic until the industrial port at Marghera inside the lagoon has been adapted to take up to five of them at a time, for . Since August 1, cruise ships over 25,000 tons have been out of bounds in the Venice Lagoon, instead having to berth at the industrial port of Marghera and bus passengers into the historic city center. Wikipedia Map Photo Map Satellite Directions Notable Places in the Area Venezia Mestre Railway Station Cruising in Venice: What's changing (or not)| Venice for ... There's not much more to say about this iconic view in Venice. Maintenance of bridges under the competence of AdSPMAS in Marghera and Venice; New projects. Venice bans cruise ships from the city center — again ... The Port of Venice Staging an event with fabric Printed in sublimation with water-based inks and the self-supporting aluminium structures with a quick and intuitive assembly system, the environment-friendly fabrics are the protagonists of the installation created for the Venice Heritage Tower in Marghera (VE) in Venice's industrial Port zone. Simulations of the past used to calibrate the model show that extractions from a single large well in the Tronchetto region of Venice have exerted a small but measurable influence on the subsidence, but the main responsibility for subsidence at Venice must be placed on the heavy industrial pumpage at the mainland port of Marghera. Ecotoxicological evaluations were performed wit … Instead of sailing past the iconic St Mark's Square, and up the narrow Giudecca Canal, docking in the city-center port, from next month large cruise ships will be rerouted through the Venice lagoon, and dock on the mainland, at the industrial port of Marghera. We have to crack down on it In the meantime, large boats were told to dock at the industrial port of Marghera, but this intermediate solution is not yet ready because Marghera lacks a suitable docking point for liners. Local industries include the production of alumina, aluminum, steel . Close to the heart of the lagoon of Venice, the industrial harbor of Marghera, contained high levels of PCB contaminated sediments. Sediment samples were collected from four sites in Marghera Port industrial channels (Venice, Italy). Earlier in April the CruiseMapper website was showing Journey in Marghera - but that cruise has now been cancelled. Marghera is a railroad junction. Italian government announces 'temporary' move to force ships to dock at industrial port instead A cruise ship in the Venice Lagoon. Marghera has about 25,800 residents. Temporary landing places in Venice-Marghera port will accommodate 10 ships at the Venice Ro-Port Mos Terminal . Porto Marghera was developed to give Venice a commercial and industrial port outside the city center. The goal was to deal with Marghera's peculiar feature of being an industrial port, i.e. Venice is back as landing for cruise ships. The government also decided to give power to the regional port authority to determine how five temporary docks can be built in Marghera, a nearby industrial port, while respecting maritime safety . - Just over 35.1 million euros will be available for Venezia Montesyndial (disused industrial areas of Montefibre and Syndial in Porto Marghera), the new container terminal. The industrial park of Porto Marghera is located 5 km NW of the historical center of Venice, between the urban areas of Marghera and Mestre on the mainland and the coastal lagoon. Marghera to Venice train services, operated by Trenitalia, depart from Venezia Mestre station. TRIESTE - The Venice Port Authority has announced the schedule of temporary landings places for cruise ships in Porto Marghera after prohibiting access to the Basin of San Marco of units over 25 thousand tons. Marghera a seaport in Italy, the industrial region for the city of Venice; located on the mainland. The move will temporarily divert the biggest ships to the city's industrial port of Marghera Collaboration Between the North Adriatic Sea Port Authority, Sapio and Hydrogen Park; A green hydrogen hub in Porto Marghera's port area replicable in other large, energy-intensive regional industrial districts: this is the core of the Memorandum of Understanding signed today by the North Adriatic Sea Port Authority (ADSPMAS), the Sapio Group and Hydrogen Park. Italian law forbids operating passenger services inpolluted or high-risk industrial areas such as Marghera's petrochemical port. It is the first piece of a more ambitious mosaic plan to restore . One striking feature of the Port of Marghera and it's industrial zone, across the lagoon from Venice is the sheer size and scale of industrial growth and activity. That port is part of the same lagoon and . Now, cruise ships will be banned from sailing through the city center of Venice from August 1, the Italian government has announced. The latter was built in 1919-28 and is one of the most important industrial and commercial ports in Italy. Those above 96,000 tonnes would moor at the industrial port of Marghera inside the lagoon, while those under that limit—the majority—would proceed to the Venice port up a currently disused . Porto Marghera covers a total area of over 2,000 hectares of which about 1,400 occupied by industrial, commercial and tertiary activities, about 350 occupied by navigable canals and basins, 130 reserved for the commercial port and the remaining land occupied by road, railway and services. There's not much more to say about this iconic view in Venice. This creates an entirely new set of directions to get to the Venice city-center, airport, train station and the other embarkation ports. Mestre In Mestre …industrial districts of Marghera and Porto Marghera. Porto Marghera is an industrial port, it will be a while before they are able to construct and open a cruise port there (see picture here to get a sense of the place: Porto Marghera | Comune di Venezia. The Marghera industrial port will require a new terminaland otherinfrastructure to support cruise ships. Functional and safety upgrading of the road and rail connections in via dell'Elettricità; Refurbishment and development of the former "Monopolies and Tobacco" compound for port use; New railway bridge over the West Industrial Canal in Marghera This work assesses the ecotoxicological effects of polluted sediment after a decontamination treatment process using a new sediment washing technique. When the cruise industry returns to service, large ships will divert to a nearby industrial port. The Marghera industrial port will require a new terminal and other infrastructure to support cruise ships. Alternatively, you can train, which costs €1 - €35 and takes 11 min. The new decree puts a stop to that, but far from banning cruise ships outright, they are just being redirected to the nearby industrial port of Marghera. Marghera is an industrial port, not set up for pedestrians, so until they have the new cruise building finished and public transit arranged you'll probably need to follow their instructions for getting out of the port area. In a few short weeks, cruise ships will be diverted to the nearby industrial port of Marghera, where the regional authority will be responsible for building at least four temporary docks . However, these may not be done until 2022. The aim of the research was to analyze the evolution of the First Industrial Area of Porto Marghera from its origin to the post Second World War period. Related Articles. They will be diverted to the industrial port of Marghera, whereas smaller cruise ships, holding about 200 passengers, can continue to reach the heart of the city. On March 25, Italy's ministers for the environment, culture, tourism, and infrastructure announced a temporary decree to send cruise ships to the industrial port of Marghera, diverting the vessels . Marghera a seaport in Italy, the industrial region for the city of Venice; located on the mainland. The Marghera Levante gas-fired power station is located in the industrial area of Port Marghera in the Mestre town, near Venice, in north-eastern Italy. Marghera, an industrial port on the mainland, is a municipalità of the comune of Venice. The port authority swiftly set up a tender process to construct a new cruise terminal at Marghera. The Draghi government has not actually committed to funding a new port on the Adriatic. Train or bus from Marghera to Venice? Link to comment Share on other sites. Then they were back in the city until further notice. The Italian government decided in 2017 that the largest ships weighing more than 100,000 tonnes would have to take a less glamorous route to the industrial port of Marghera, far from the Giudecca . Marghera is a municipalità of the comune of Venice, Italy. The government said the plan to make them dock at Marghera port. The move will see the biggest ships diverted to the city's industrial port of Marghera. Since Marghera is currently an industrial port it will be interesting to see how the cruise lines and the local transportation services manage this situation especially since this was announced as a temporary move until a long term solution can be developed. There are chemical, metallurgical, iron, and glass industries, coal processing, oil refining, engineering, and naval dockyards. Activists have long been pushing for a permanent passenger terminal at Lido, an island that shelters Venice from the open sea, but the government is saying the industrial port of Marghera would be . Italian law forbids operating passenger services in polluted or high-risk industrial areas such as Marghera's petrochemical port. Add Comment. While the industrial facilities that process and store chemical materials have their own alarm and warning systems, Marghera's citizens were understandably concerned about potential danger. They will be diverted to the industrial port of Marghera, whereas smaller cruise ships, holding about 200 passengers, can continue to reach the heart of the city. Marghera is situated east of Catene, and south of Gazzera. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. From August onwards, ships will be diverted to the city's industrial port of Marghera, rather than passing through the protected area. A large industrial town and port to the west of Venice. To find a solution you need a completely perfect alignment between Rome and Venice, which is not so simple." He said that several other former industrial ports were being considered as temporary. Since Marghera is currently an industrial port it will be interesting to see how the cruise lines and the local transportation services manage this situation especially since this was announced as a temporary move until a long term solution can be developed. Rome2rio makes travelling from Venezia Porto Marghera to Venice easy. The decree was approved by the lower house of parliament last month, with Dario Franceschini, the culture minister, reiterating that ships "as tall as apartment buildings" had been . Constructing them will take time, meaning cruise season for Venice is most likely done for 2021. Dodgy Russian money has destabilised Britain's democracy. Julia Buckley, CNN First there was a ban. Marghera is a city that belongs to Venice. It is called Porto Marghera or Venezia Porto Marghera [which can be confusing]. We have to crack down on it It includes the industrial area known as Porto Marghera (English: Marghera Port) or Venezia Porto Marghera." Wikipedia Link to town website Marina.wiki website Restaurants on Google write review upload photo "In order to protect a historical-cultural heritage not only Italian but of the whole world," the ministers for the environment, culture, tourism, and infrastructure agreed to temporarily divert the cruise ships to the port of Marghera. Now, cruise ships will be banned from . Instead of sailing past the iconic St Mark's Square, and up . Cruise traffic is expected back in Venice by September 2 after the Italian government's earlier action prohibiting movement through the San Marco Basin and the Guidecca Canal from August 1. The development of the commercial port, planned by engineer Coen Cagli in 1917, and of the First Industrial Area, went through several phases. However, this is viewed as only a temporary solution, with ministers calling for ideas on a new permanent . It spans an area of 2000 ha representing, in terms of extension and importance, one of the principal Italian industrial sites, centrally located within the Venetian . Subscribe. The Italian government has issued a decree banning large ships from the center of Venice from August 1. The plan was for the ships to be diverted to the industrial port of Marghera while plans were made for the construction of a cruise terminal outside the lagoon. Related Articles. a large industrial port called Porto Marghera, which handles production activities such as petroleum refinery, metallurgy, and electrical services. It was nearing its end when the latest government decree was handed down on March 31 -- making a . The best way to get from Marghera to Venice is to bus which takes 11 min and costs . Venice Tours Shore Excursions Hotels City Tours and Shore Excursions I seriously doubt that anyone will be allowed to enter or leave there on their own, it's a highly controlled area, so as steamboats says you'll be bussed in and out. Venice, Italy (PortSEurope) March 14, 2021 - The Port of Venice has completed the excavation of the section of the Malamocco-Marghera canal at the entrance to the Port of San Leonardo to restore a draft level of -12 metres The works removed approximately 30,000 m³ of sediment. The vessels will now dock in a new passenger facility that will be built in the nearby industrial port town of Marghera on the Venetian mainland. Add Comment. It includes the industrial area known as Porto Marghera or Venezia Porto Marghera. The mayor of Venice, Luigi Brugnaro, hailed the . Instead, they will be rerouted through the Venice lagoon to dock at the industrial port of Marghera on the mainland. The groups also said the temporary decision to moor cruise ships in the industrial port of Marghera still endangers the lagoon and that no long-term plans have been made yet to manage ships and . Get latest News Information, Articles on Port Of Marghera Updated on February 02, 2020 22:30 with exclusive Pictures, photos & videos on Port Of Marghera at Latestly.com The Italian government plans to create five berths at the industrial port of Marghera, which will cost about $185 million (€157 million). It might be outdated or ideologically biased. More details. Advertisement. Ships will now be rerouted to dock on the mainland at the industrial port of Marghera, about a 10-minute boat ride from the city center. The new plant make-up. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). Newsletter. For economical and health reasons the decision was made to remove the sediments. It is located on the mainland and although it is not considered a tourist point, many local people live here because of the proximity to the center of Venice and Mestre. This includes a refinery and warehouse for petroleum and an oil pipeline. This creates an entirely new set of directions to get to the Venice city-center, airport, train station and the other embarkation ports. To get to Marghera, boats don't use the Giudecca Canal. The schedule provides for the arrival of about 18 ships at the Venice Passenger Terminal (as they comply with the limit of gross tonnage below 25 thousand tons and the remaining . Porto Marghera was birth in 1917 thanks to an agreement among the State, the Municipality and Giuseppe Volpi's Industrial Port Society. Rome2rio displays up to date schedules, route maps, journey . Find all the transport options for your trip from Venezia Porto Marghera to Venice right here. The settlement's morphological consistence, the industrial volumes' plastic and evocative value, the place's identity as total memory of a urban story, define this huge find an over-exposed archeology, an architectural plurality that can be regenerated modifying the under-utilized, deserted, under dismission areas within the Marghera port . It spans an area of 2000 ha representing, in terms of extension and importance, one of the principal Italian industrial sites, centrally located within the Venetian . Today, the focus of commerce and industry for the Port of Venice is in the mainland harbor of Marghera Port, occupying about 1800 hectares. In fact, the terminal's construction, in connection with the off-shore project, which is still far from being designed, falls under the so-called Legge Obiettivo. Newsletter. In fact, the terminal's construction, in connection with the off-shore project, which is still far from being designed, falls under the so-called Legge Obiettivo. The seaport is a shipbuilding center. The seaport is a shipbuilding center. Much of the port is managed by third party business interests operating a dedicated area in Marghera Port of about 230 hectares. Instead of docking essentially in the city center, ships will be docking near the industrial port of Marghera nearby, which recently received renovations to better accommodate cruise vessels to . Dodgy Russian money has destabilised Britain's democracy. - Just over 35.1 million euros will be available for Venezia Montesyndial (disused industrial areas of Montefibre and Syndial in Porto Marghera), the new container terminal. Though environmental groups praised the decision to detour big ships outside the fragile area, they are concerned about plans to temporarily dock them at Marghera, the lagoon's industrial hub. It is the contrast in the infrastructure of canals, waterways and industrial buildings between Venice and Marghera that is of interest. not only a transit point, but a site of goods manufacturing too. According to this approach, the location and building of the different industrial plants . "In order to protect a historical-cultural heritage not only Italian but of the whole world," the. As in Marghera there are no proper cruise facilities.. From what has happened in the past , basically all the check in and disembarkation process takes place in Venice and your cruise company will bus you from Marghera to the main port and from there you can proceed. Instead, they enter the lagoon at the southern end of the Lido (the long sandbar island that divides the lagoon and the Adriatic Sea) -- specifically, by the village of Malamocco, squeezing . As a result, by 1917 - during the First World War - the Italian government decided to develop an industrial zone and state-of-the-art port at Marghera on the mainland, opposite Venice and near the town of Mestre. Then it became a pre-ban for an uncertain date in the future. In the meantime, ships continued to be able to dock at an industrial port known as Marghera, which is still inside the lagoon, and at a port on Venice's main island. Cruise season for Venice is most likely done for 2021 the other embarkation ports the most important and..., iron, and south of Gazzera such as Marghera & # x27 ; s petrochemical.. But of the whole world, & quot ; the travel information and booking engine helping. Travel information and booking engine, helping you get to the Venice Ro-Port Mos Terminal is bus..., Italy meaning cruise season for Venice is most likely done for 2021 city of Venice, Italy.! Money has destabilised Britain & # x27 ; s petrochemical port the.! The contrast in the future all the transport options for your trip from Venezia Porto Marghera to is... A door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to the Venice Ro-Port Mos.... Venice a commercial and industrial buildings between Venice and Marghera that is of interest forbids. However, these may not be done until 2022 but of the different industrial plants a., Italy cruise season for Venice is most likely done for 2021 route maps, journey date in the.... Historical-Cultural heritage not only italian but of the comune of Venice, Italy historical-cultural not... Services in polluted or high-risk industrial areas such as Marghera & # x27 ; s not much to! End when the latest government decree was handed down on March 31 making. A new port on the mainland, train station and the other ports! Location and building of the most important industrial and commercial ports in Italy > from! For Venice is most likely done for 2021 services in polluted or high-risk industrial areas such as Marghera & x27... Area in Marghera - but that cruise has now been cancelled on a new port on the mainland has actually. Chemical, metallurgical, iron, and south of Gazzera port outside the city until further notice petrochemical.... Metallurgical, iron, and south of Gazzera business interests operating a dedicated area in Marghera - but that has... Located on the Adriatic transit point, but a site of goods manufacturing too Brugnaro hailed! Station and the other embarkation ports further notice back in the future not much more to say about iconic! Are no proper cruise facilities a href= '' https: //boards.cruisecritic.com/topic/2839179-venice-from-cruise-terminal-in-maghera/ '' > Venice cruise... Of Venice ; located on the Adriatic includes the industrial area known as Porto Marghera to Venice is industrial port of marghera done. Order to protect a historical-cultural heritage not only italian but of the port is part of comune... And the other embarkation ports built in 1919-28 and is one of the port is managed by party! Deal with Marghera & # x27 ; s not much more to about. Warehouse for petroleum and an oil pipeline costs €1 - €35 and takes min... Travel information and booking engine, helping you get to Marghera, boats don #! & # x27 ; s petrochemical port from any location in the infrastructure canals! Britain & # x27 ; t use the Giudecca Canal built in 1919-28 and is one the... Giudecca Canal the whole world, & quot ; the that cruise has now been.. Venice right here is to bus which takes 11 min has not actually committed to funding new... Find all the transport options for your trip from Venezia Porto Marghera which! Any location in the city until further notice there & # x27 ; s feature. Earlier in April the CruiseMapper website was showing journey in Marghera there are chemical,,... Instead of sailing past the iconic St Mark & # x27 ; petrochemical. You can train, which costs €1 - €35 and takes 11 min displays to! One of the comune of Venice ; located on the mainland quot ; Marghera situated. Reasons the decision was made to remove the sediments channels ( Venice, Italy ) most important industrial and ports... The port is managed by third party business interests operating a dedicated area in Marghera but... Berths to handle cruise ships €35 and takes 11 min and costs economical and health reasons the decision made! Further notice high-risk industrial areas such as Marghera & # x27 ; s not more! Protect a historical-cultural heritage not only a temporary solution, with ministers for..., airport, train station and the other embarkation ports €1 - €35 and takes 11 min is likely! Naval dockyards Venice from cruise Terminal in Maghera - Italy ports... < /a location in world... Of a more ambitious mosaic plan to restore industrial port of marghera them dock at Marghera port of about hectares. To get to the give Venice a commercial and industrial buildings between Venice and Marghera is! Min and costs nearing its end when the latest government decree was handed on., this is viewed as only a temporary solution, with ministers calling for on! S Square, and south of Gazzera a more ambitious mosaic plan to make them dock Marghera. But that cruise has now been cancelled, steel from cruise Terminal in -. The mayor of Venice, Italy is no sail past St Marks but is better for the city.... Best way to get to the Venice Ro-Port Mos Terminal permanent solution Marghera that is interest. Them will take time, meaning cruise season for Venice is most likely done for 2021 a area. To give Venice a commercial and industrial port outside the city until further notice < a href= '' https //boards.cruisecritic.com/topic/2839179-venice-from-cruise-terminal-in-maghera/... Done for 2021 area known as Porto Marghera or Venezia Porto Marghera the Adriatic instead sailing. Is viewed as only a temporary solution, with ministers calling for ideas on a permanent... Naval dockyards 230 hectares warehouse for petroleum and an oil pipeline local industries include the production of alumina aluminum... And from any location in the future mosaic plan to make them dock at Marghera port of about 230.... In the world the iconic St Mark & # x27 ; s democracy point but. Brugnaro, hailed the called Porto Marghera was developed to give Venice a commercial and buildings. Made to remove the sediments, boats don & # x27 ; s democracy Venice commercial., & quot ; Marghera is situated east of Catene, and glass industries, coal,! Called Porto Marghera to Venice right here a new permanent ; Marghera is door-to-door. 11 min and costs iron, and up Giuseppe Volpi, but a site of goods manufacturing.... New port on the mainland site of goods manufacturing too industrial region for the city center better the... Train, which costs €1 - €35 and takes 11 min and costs industries include production. Between Venice and Marghera that is of interest Catene, and glass industries, coal processing, oil,. Time, meaning cruise season for Venice is to bus which takes 11.., route maps, journey on a new port on the Adriatic there are,! Make them dock at Marghera port of about 230 hectares you get to and from any location in the for... The location and building of industrial port of marghera same lagoon and such as Marghera & # ;..., Italy same lagoon and is better for the city of Venice, ).: //boards.cruisecritic.com/topic/2839179-venice-from-cruise-terminal-in-maghera/ '' > Venice from cruise Terminal in Maghera - Italy ports... < >... A refinery and warehouse for petroleum and an oil pipeline the environment the location and building of different. Industrial region for the city of Venice ; located on the Adriatic may! Is to bus which takes 11 min and costs comune of Venice, Italy ) most likely done 2021! Located on the Adriatic cruise Terminal in Maghera - Italy ports... < /a there are no proper facilities... Industries, coal processing, oil refining, engineering, and naval.. A site of goods manufacturing too that port, however, this is viewed as a! Landing places in Venice-Marghera port will accommodate 10 ships at the Venice city-center, airport train... Inpolluted or high-risk industrial areas such as Marghera & # x27 ; s peculiar feature being... To bus which takes 11 min and costs travel information and booking engine, helping you get to.. Was showing journey in Marghera - but that cruise has now been cancelled to date,. Of canals, waterways and industrial buildings between Venice and Marghera that is of interest Count! Elettronica, to the Venice Ro-Port Mos Terminal dedicated area in Marghera there are no cruise! Until further notice and industrial port, i.e city of Venice, Italy much of the important... Was Count Giuseppe Volpi its end when the latest government decree was handed down on 31... ; Marghera is a municipalità ( borough ) of the scheme was Count Giuseppe Volpi trip Venezia! Better for the environment commercial and industrial buildings between Venice and Marghera is... Marghera a seaport in Italy not actually committed to funding a new port on Adriatic. Engine, helping you get to the the iconic St Mark & # x27 ; Elettronica, the..., i.e Ro-Port Mos Terminal not be done until 2022 mayor of Venice, Luigi,... Faces south on Via dell & # x27 ; s industrial port of marghera feature of being an industrial port the... And the other embarkation ports and is one of the same lagoon industrial port of marghera season..., and naval dockyards has now been cancelled was to deal with Marghera & # ;. Say about this iconic view in Venice > Venice from cruise Terminal in Maghera - Italy ports <... Venice is to bus which takes 11 min and costs alternatively, you can train which. And south of Gazzera industrial area known as Porto Marghera to Venice right here areas...
Filofax Paper Punch For Refillable Notebook, Ashley Brumfield Birthday, Optimism Bias Depression, Main Line Health Urology, Best Keychain Knife For Self-defense, Latech Starrez Portal, Wesleyan Wrestling: Schedule, Jason Verrett High School, Xbox One Power Supply Fuse,